Drawing a model in 3D is different from drawing an image in 2D. This introduction to drawing basics and concepts explains a few ways you can create edges and faces (the basic entities of any SketchUp model). You also discover how the SketchUp inference engine helps you place those lines and faces on your desired axis.
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Drawing a line
Use the Line tool to draw edges (also called line entities). Transcend disk check. Edges form the structural foundation of all models. Here's how to draw a line:
- Select the Line tool () on the toolbar (or press the L key). The cursor changes to a pencil.
- Click to set the starting point of your line. If you click the wrong place, press the Esc key to start over. As you move your cursor around the drawing area, notice the following:
- A line follows your cursor.
- The line length is displayed dynamically in the Measurements box. (The Measurements box uses the units specified in your template.)
- The line that's following your cursor turns red, green, or blue whenever the line is parallel with the red, green, or blue axis, respectively. If you hover for a moment, a ScreenTip appears, like the On Blue Axis tip shown in the figure. There is no ghost in your machine; that's the SketchUp inference engine, which you learn more about later in this article.
- Click to set the line's end point. This end point can also be the starting point of another line. Press Esc or select a different tool when you're done drawing lines. After you set the end point, you can press Ctrl+Z (Microsoft Windows) or Command+Z (macOS) to undo your line and start over.
- (Optional) To make your line a precise length, type a value and press Enter (Microsoft Windows) or Return (macOS). You can repeat this process as many times as you like until you draw a new line or select another tool. If you don't specify a unit, SketchUp uses the unit specified in your template. However, you can type any imperial or metric unit for your line. So you can type 3mm or 5'2' for example. Your value appears in the Measurements box as you type.
- An absolute coordinate, such as [3', 5', 7'], places the end of the line relative to the current axes. Square brackets indicate an absolute coordinate.
- A relative coordinate, such as <1.5m, 4m, 2.75m>, places the end of the line relative to the starting point of your line. Angle brackets indicate a relative coordinate.
You can edit the length of a line as long as it doesn't bound a face. Here's how to edit a line:
- Select the Move tool ().
- Hover the Move tool cursor over one of the line's end points.
- Click and drag the end point to change the line's length.
Creating a face
When you join several lines into a shape, they form a face.
Not a funny face, or a scary clown face, or even a cute puppy face. By default, faces are plain, but super important: They're the other half of the duo, edges and faces, which enable every SketchUp model ever made to exist.
Dividing faces
When you draw a line (or a curve) on an existing face, you split the face.
Opening 3D shapes by erasing edges and faces
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You can erase an edge or face to create an opening in a shape. To see how erasing an edge affects your model, first select the Eraser tool () in the toolbar or press the E key, and then click an edge:
- Clicking an edge erases the edge and any face that touched that edge. As Billy Idol almost sang, you can have lines without a face. However, a face must be completely bound by edges.
- Context-clicking a face and choosing Erase deletes only the face.
In the figure, you see the original cube and how erasing an edge or face changes the cube.
Healing deleted faces
If you accidentally delete a face, here's how to bring it back:
- If you haven't made any other changes that you'd like to keep, simply select Edit > Undo from the menu bar. Or press the keyboard shortcut for Undo, Ctrl+Z (Microsoft Windows) or Command+Z (macOS).
- Redraw the line that caused the faces to disappear, and SketchUp will re-create the faces.
Knowing your inference types
SketchUp displays several types of inferences: point, linear, and shape. SketchUp often combines inferences together to form a complex inference. Also, components and dynamic components have their own inference types.
A point inference is based on the exact point of your cursor in your model. The following table lists the point inference types.
| Point Inference Type | What It Looks Like | What It Means |
|---|---|---|
| Origin point | The point at the intersection of the three drawing axes | |
| Component Origin Point | The axis origin point within a group or component and the group or component's default insertion point | |
| Endpoint | End of a line, arc, or arc segment | |
| Midpoint | Middle point on a line, edge, or arc segment | |
| Arc Midpoint | Middle point on an arc | |
| Intersection | Point where a line intersects another line or face | |
| On Face | A point that lies on a face | |
| On Edge | A point that lies on an edge | |
| Center | Center of a circle, arc, or polygon | |
| Guide Point | A guide point | |
| On Line | A point along a guide line | |
| On Section | Point where a drawing tool creates an edge on a section plane | |
| Intersection with Hidden Section | Point where an edge that is generated by a hidden section plane intersects with the drawing tool |
A linear inference snaps along a line or direction in space. In addition to a ScreenTip, a linear inference sometimes displays a temporary dotted line while you draw.
| Linear Inference Type | What It Looks Like | What It Means |
|---|---|---|
| On Red Axis | Linear alignment to the red drawing axis (Click and drag as you draw to see the inference.) | |
| On Green Axis | Linear alignment to green drawing axis (Click and drag as you draw.) | |
| On Blue Axis | Linear alignment to the blue drawing axis (Click and drag as you draw.) | |
| From Point | Linear alignment from a point; the dotted line's color corresponds to the axis direction | |
| Through Point | Draw from one point, hover over another point then hold Shift to lock the direction from the start of the drawing through the second point. | |
| Parallel | Parallel alignment to an edge | |
| Extend Edge | Continuation of an existing edge | |
| Perpendicular | Perpendicular alignment to an edge | |
| Perpendicular to Face | Perpendicular alignment to a face | |
| Tangent at Vertex | Arc whose vertex is tangent to a previously drawn arc's vertex |
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Shape inferences help you pinpoint the moment when a rectangle becomes a square, for example. The following table lists all the shape inferences.
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| Shape Inference Type | What It Looks Like | What It Means |
|---|---|---|
| Square | A rectangle whose sides are all the same size | |
| Golden Section | A rectangle whose properties match the Golden Ratio as found in mathematics and the arts | |
| Half Circle, Quarter Circle, or Three-Quarter Circle | An arc that is exactly one half of a circle, one quarter circle, or three-quarters of a circle, respectively. | |
| Arc Side and Center | An arc shows edge and center inferences when a drawing tool hovers on the arc. | |
| Circle/Polygon Center | A circle shows and center inferences when a drawing tool hovers on the circle edge. |
Finding and locking an inference
SketchUp has an inference engine that helps you work in 3D space. For example, when the Line tool cursor is hovering over the midpoint of another line, the inference engine tells you by displaying a light blue dot and ScreenTip that says, 'Midpoint,' as shown here. Every inference has its own color and ScreenTip. (See Knowing your inference types for a full list.)
The inference engine can also help you find geometric relationships between lines. For example, it tells you when a line you're drawing is perpendicular to another line. In the following figure, notice that a colored dot also appears at the start point of the line, giving you a few bits of information all at once.
Linear Inferencing Toggle
Inferencing is a fundamental feature of SketchUp with most tools depending on it in some manner. However, inferencing can sometimes get in your way, especially when working in a busy area of a model. With the Line tool, you can turn linear inferencing off and back on using a simple modifier action.
To toggle linear inferencing in the Line tool, you'll need to click once to start drawing your line. Once you've started your line, but before clicking to finish it, simply press the COMMAND key on the Mac or ALT key on Windows which will toggle through the following states:
- All Inferences On
- All Inferences Off
- Parallel and Perpendicular Only
All Inferences On
This is the default behavior and what you've experienced in SketchUp since Version 1. The Line tool will snap to the red, green, and blue axes, as well as the magenta axis (parallel/perpendicular to a specified edge.)
All Inferences Off
In this state, the Line tool will ignore all linear inferences. Notice that your cursor will move more freely around the screen as you complete edge segments. Note that you can still find other inference types such as On face, Guide points, Midpoints, and more. Use these other inference types to make sure your lines are drawn on the planes you want.
Parallel and Perpendicular Only
This state shows only parallel and perpendicular linear inferences when using the Line tool. Selecting this option will allow you to draw your line, making sure it is parallel or perpendicular to other geometry, while not getting distracted by other linear inferences that might be tempted to steal your line.
Locking inferences with a keyboard
By locking inferences, you can confidently draw along the direction you intend to draw. Another reason to lock an inference is to maintain one drawing direction while you reference geometry from another part of the model. That's a more advanced move, but very helpful. The easiest way to lock an inference to the default axes directions is to use the arrow keys:
>Ensuring edges are aligned to axes
To ensure your edges align to axes, you may find it helpful to change the cursor to the axes colors. Or if you need to check the alignment of existing geometry, change your edges to the axes colors.
To change your cursor to axes colors, follow these steps:
- Select Window > Preferences (Microsoft Windows) or SketchUp > Preferences (macOS). The SketchUp Preferences' dialog box appears.
- Select the Drawing item on the left.
- In the Miscellaneous area of the Drawing panel, select the Display cross hairs checkbox.
- Click OK to close the SketchUp Preferences dialog box. The cursor displays cross hairs that are the color of the axes, as shown here.
To make the edges in your model reflect the axis color to which it is aligned, follow these steps:
- Select Window > Styles.
- In the Styles dialog box, select In Model from the drop-down list of styles libraries.
- Click the Edit tab.
- Click the Edge Settings icon, shown in the figure.
- From the Color drop-down list, select By axis. The colors of the edges in your model change to reflect their alignment to the axes (unless an edge isn't aligned to an axis, and then the edge color does not change). The following figure shows which edges are (and are not) aligned to the three axes.
Released 21 May, 2019 – read release notes
Changes
URL Scheme to launch a plugin to a specific command
You can use the new URL scheme to target a particular command of your plugin:
You can also pass in params. Note that this is the second URL scheme. The first was to open a particular document with sketch://path/to/file.sketch.
The action HandleURL will be triggerend when it is opened with the URL scheme above, including an action context containing three keys:
url
The NSURL that triggered this action.
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path
A string containing everything after sketch://plugin, e.g. /my.plugin.identifier/my.command.identifier.
query
An object containing the query of the URL, e.g. for sketch://plugin/my.plugin.identifier/my.command.identifier?foo=bar&baz=qux, query will be:
Usage
You'll need to have manifest file setup properly to be able to trigger a function on the HandleURL Action:
In JavaScript, implement the action handler as follows so that when the user navigates to the url sketch://plugin/com.sketchapp.examples.log-message/log-message?foo=Hello%20World a message will appear in the app with the text Hello World.
Note that the user in this case will need to have the plugin installed and a document already open. You can also make a new document for the user like this:
The full plugin example can be found here.
Add isSelected method on a CurvePoint
In case the user is currently editing a path, you can check if a curve point is selected using the curvePoint.isSelected() method.
Usage
If the user is selecting a point of a shape you can check it with:
Here is an example for how you might use it in practice. Create and select a rectangle in your Sketch document.
getSelectedDocument() previously threw an error without an open document, now returns undefined instead
Babel would tranform [nativeDocument] = NSApplication.sharedApplication().orderedDocuments() assuming that it's a proper array but it's not, it's an NSArray so it would throw an error. Kolor autopano giga 4 4.
This is a great addition with the URL example from earlier. We can confidently check if there is a current document open or not.
Usage
The full plugin example can be found here.
Add isSelected method on a CurvePoint
In case the user is currently editing a path, you can check if a curve point is selected using the curvePoint.isSelected() method.
Usage
If the user is selecting a point of a shape you can check it with:
Here is an example for how you might use it in practice. Create and select a rectangle in your Sketch document.
getSelectedDocument() previously threw an error without an open document, now returns undefined instead
Babel would tranform [nativeDocument] = NSApplication.sharedApplication().orderedDocuments() assuming that it's a proper array but it's not, it's an NSArray so it would throw an error. Kolor autopano giga 4 4.
This is a great addition with the URL example from earlier. We can confidently check if there is a current document open or not.
Usage
Improve consistency by deprecating Fill.fill in favor of Fill.fillType
This was done to match Border.fileType and other types.
Usage
Setting a fill is more consistent to setting a border.
Old NewSome better logging of the prototype of wrapped objects
There was a bug in the util.inspect algorithm (which console uses) that makes it think the prototype of a wrapped object is a wrapped object and uses the code path for wrapped object. This has been fixed for better logging output.
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